“ANNO BIB”

A bibliography is a list of sources (books, journals, websites, periodicals, etc.) one has used for researching a topic. Bibliographies are sometimes called “references” or “works cited” depending on the style format you are using. A bibliography usually just includes the bibliographic information (i.e., the author, title, publisher, etc.).

An annotation is a summary and/or evaluation.

Therefore, an annotated bibliography includes a summary and/or evaluation of each of the sources.  (Bisignani, and Brizee)

Just collecting sources for a bibliography is useful, but when you have to write annotations for each source, you’re forced to read each source more carefully. You begin to read more critically instead of just collecting information. At the professional level, annotated bibliographies allow you to see what has been done in the literature and where your own research or scholarship can fit. To help you formulate a thesis: Every good research paper is an argument. The purpose of research is to state and support a thesis. So a very important part of research is developing a thesis that is debatable, interesting, and current. Writing an annotated bibliography can help you gain a good perspective on what is being said about your topic. By reading and responding to a variety of sources on a topic, you’ll start to see what the issues are, what people are arguing about, and you’ll then be able to develop your own point of view.

To know if your sources are reliable, valid, timely, and unbiased; simply research your sources to make sure all of these items pass “inspection” when using the source.

Source:

Bisignani, Dana, and Allen Brizee. “Annotated

Bibliographies.” Purdue Online Writing Lab. 2010-01-08.

Purdue University, Web. 16 Feb 2010.

<http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/614/01/>.

Annotated Bibliography:

Gilbert, Arthur N., “Conceptions of Homosexuality and Sodomy in Western History”, Journal of Homosexuality 6:1/2 (1980), pp. 57-68
Discusses two approaches to history of homosexuality: to look at famous individuals; or to look at what was the (hostile) view of society.]

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Jagose, Annamarie, Queer Theory : An Introduction, (New York: New York Univ Press, 1997)
[From blurb] In Queer Theory: Annamarie Jagose provides a clear and concise explanation of queer theory, tracing it as part of an intriguing history of same-sex love over the last century. It provides viewpoints on the homosexual lifestyle, and how the word “queer”, and the meaning has changed.

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Twin and sibling study of overt male homosexuality

Franz J. Kallmann

Am J Hum Genet. 1952 June; 4(2): 136–146.

PMCID: PMC1716443

- Discusses how twins deal with the lifestyle change, and how relationships between the siblings are affects.

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COMPARATIVE TWIN STUDY ON THE GENETIC ASPECTS OF MALE HOMOSEXUALITY.
KALLMANN, FRANZ J. M.D.
[Announcement] Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease. 115(1):283-298, January 1952.

- In this journal, the author explains how genetics do not play a vital role in the development of one’s sexuality. Rather, he explains how different factors must be accounted for when one is “growing up.”  Factors may include, lack of fatherly figure/compassion, female overbearing, etc.

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RAINER, J. D., MESNIKOFF, A., KOLB, L. C., CARR, A.
Homosexuality and Heterosexuality in Identical Twins
Psychosom Med 1960 22: 251-258

- A brief report explaining how a study has found that from birth to early childhood, the amount of attention a mother gives more to another (when involving twins in the study), there appears to be more of a homosexual shift in the twin that received more attention from the mother.

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Whitam, Frederick, Milton Diamond, and James Martin.

“Homosexual orientation in twins: A report on 61 pairs and three triplet sets.”

Archives of Sexual Behavior. 22.3 (1993): 187-206. Print.

- The question of whether homosexual orientation is biologically determined, socially learned, or results from some type of interaction has been a debate in sex research. The authors try to determine the answer for this discussion, by doing various experiments with twins, and triplets ranging from surveys, to some psychological case studies.

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Homosexuality in Twins: A Report on Three Discordant Pairs

NEVILLE PARKER M.B., B.S., D.P.M.¹

¹ Brisbane Clinic, 79 Wickham Terrace, Brisbane, Australia

Three homosexuals from an unselected series of twins have been briefly described. Two pairs were monozygotic and a third dizygotic. In all three the co-twins showed no evidence of any sexual deviation. These observations suggest that factors other than genetical ones may play a significant part in the aetiology of homosexuality. In the one adequately documented case, the mother’s attitude, commencing prenatally and continuing in a favourable setting, is considered to be the important factor.

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Thompson, Norman, David M. Schwartz, Boyd R. McCandless, and

David A. Edwards. “Parent-child relationships and sexual identity

in male and female homosexuals and heterosexuals..”

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 41.1 (1973):

120-127. Print.

- Female homosexuals reported having had more negative relations with their fathers in childhood than female heterosexuals. Female homosexuals were neither mother nor father identified, were more distant from both parents and other people, and were more masculine on an objective measure of masculinity-femininity. Compared with their controls, male homosexuals reported more close-binding, intimate mothers and hostile, detached fathers than the heterosexual controls. As with the 2 female groups, a wide variety of parent-son relations was reported. Homosexual males were not more mother identified than their controls, but like the female group, they were more distant from parents and other people than the matched controls. Male homosexuals reported more feminine childhoods, and they were less masculine than controls on a masculinity-femininity test.

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Miner, A.. The effects of coming out on the religious involvement of urban lesbians, gay men, and bisexual men and women. Diss. Alliant International University, Fresno, 2010. Dissertations & Theses: Full Text, ProQuest. Web. 20 Feb. 2010.

-          The coming-out process is a time in which lesbians, gay men, and bisexual men and women (LGBs) come to terms with their sexual identity and attempt to make sense of it in the environment in which they live. Religion is often an important aspect of a person’s environment and, therefore, may be affected by or have an effect on the people who choose come out as gay. Religion itself is complicated, however. Many denominations exist within Christianity alone, and each one has its own teachings regarding homosexuality. While some Christian churches are gay friendly and welcome individuals of any sexual orientation into their doors, others are antigay and attempt to outcast or look down upon people who come out as homosexual. This researcher sought to find a connection between religiosity and sexuality during the volatile time of coming out.

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Woods, K.. Discovering the sources of impact of college on LGBTQ students’ identity development and mapping those experiences. Diss. University of Southern California, 2009. Dissertations & Theses: Full Text, ProQuest. Web. 20 Feb. 2010.

-          Despite the growing visibility of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Questioning or Queer (LGBTQ) undergraduates in colleges and universities throughout the United States, the effect of college experiences on the development of identity for this subgroup of students has been little studied. In a two-phase mixed methods study, 100 LGBTQ undergraduates completed critical incident reports describing the experiences they perceived to be most influential on their developing sense of self. From these incidents, raters identified categories of experience that reflected issues integral to sexual and student identity.

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Doty, N.. Sexuality related social support among same-sex attracted youth. Diss. University of Miami, 2009. Dissertations & Theses: Full Text, ProQuest. Web. 20 Feb. 2010.

-          Supportive relationships with parents and peers are thought to be important in helping gay, lesbian, bisexual, or questioning youth cope with stressors related to their sexual identity. However, studies of same-sex attracted youth have yielded only minimal evidence for the link between social support and mental health. The lack of empirical findings may relate to inadequate measurement of the types of social support most relevant for same-sex attracted youth. Using matching theory as a theoretical framework, the present study examined same-sex attracted youth’s perceptions of support for coping with problems specifically related to their sexuality.

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